Structural racism refers to the ways in which societal institutions and systems perpetuate racial inequality and discrimination. This type of racism is embedded in the policies, practices, and norms of institutions such as education, criminal justice, healthcare, housing, and employment, leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes for different racial and ethnic groups. Researchers studying structural racism often examine how historical and systemic factors contribute to ongoing inequality, and work to identify solutions to address and dismantle these entrenched systems of oppression.